What is a Pip

What is a Pip in Forex?

As most currency pairs are priced to 4 decimals places ($0.0001) the smallest change would be to the last number after the decimal point for example: $0.0001 which is illustrated as the one indicated in this example. The difference between a pip and pipette is simply a 5 decimal place and not 4 such as a pip.

For most pairs a pip is equivalent to 0.01% or 1/100th of one percent, this value is also commonly referred to as BPS. A basis point (BPS) refers to a common unit of measure for interest rates and of their financial percentages. One BPS is equal to 1/100th of 1% or 0.01% (0.0001) and denotes a percentage change in the exchange rate.

Calculating pip value and position size

As mentioned, a pip is equivalent to a change of 1 point in fourth decimal in the exchange rate of the currency pair. Keeping that in mind here is how we calculate a pip move as well as price moves in forex trading:

Calculating forex price moves

Now that we are clear on what a pip is let’s see how much money we can gain or lose for each movement.

The size of your position will influence this, with the same price movement in pips, larger positions will have greater monetary consequences on your balance.

This can be calculated very simply: Positions size x 0.0001 = Monetary value of a pip

Here is a quick example using the EUR/USD as we have above:

We open a position size of 10,000 units and calculate the pip value as follows: 10,000 (units) x 0.0001 (one pip) = $1 per pip.

When you open a position of BUY and the market acts in your favor every pip movement will earn you $1.00 and the vice versa is true if you SELL. If the markets are against your choice to either buy or sell, a $1.00 will be lost per pip movement should the trend be against you.

Increasing or decreasing the amount of units will have the exact effect on the pip value.

Major currencies pips

Pip values vary per currency as they are dependent on how the currency is traded. On some trading platforms even though rare, it is possible to record a price move in half-pip increments, therefore the value of one pip is commonly a standard on most interfaces. However, it depends on the trading platform and the price feed, there are systems that show 4 digits (pips) and those that show 5 (pipettes).

The major currencies that are traded by investors / traders are the Japanese Yen (JPY), Great British Pound (GBP), US Dollar (USD), Euro (EUR) and the Canadian Dollar (CAD). These major currencies can be paired with each other or other more exotic currencies.

It is important to keep abreast of forex daily average ranges when trading, in order to gauge volatility in the Forex Market. Should the pairs not meet estimated ranges then you will not be hitting your profits and lower targets need to be set up.

Monitoring your ADR (Average Daily Ranges) closely is highly recommended by Capital Sands.

Are there any currency pairs that do not use 0.0001 as a single pip?

Japanese Yen crosses such as the EUR/JPY and the USD/JPY do not use 0.0001 as a pip. Instead they use 0.01 or 1/100 of the exchange rate. So, the USD/JPY might be quoted as 110.01 where the trailing 0.01 equals one pip. This is a notable difference from most other currency pairs and is due to the very small value of a single Yen.

What is a pip value calculator?

Calculating the value of pips, especially for cross currency pairs that do not include the U.S. dollar as one of the currencies, can be time consuming and difficult. For that reason, there are pip value calculators that will do the job for you. With a pip value calculator, you simply input your account base currency and the calculator will let you know the value of a pip for the standard lot (100,000 units), mini lot (10,000 units) and micro lot (1,000 units). This can save you a lot of time and since it can update in real time you will always easily know what your potential profit or loss is.

How does leverage affect the value of a pip?

When using leverage, the value of a pip does not change. Rather the amount of leverage being used with impact the pip value. Normally for pairs where the USD is the quote currency a standard lot of 100,000 units has a pip value of $10. If you add 1:100 leverage and you have $10,000 in your trading account you’ll be able to control $1,000,000 or 1 standard lot. And each pip will be worth $100. Basically when you increase your leverage you also increase your volatility because each pip is worth much more, making even a small pip change have a huge impact on your trading account.